Organizational Labor Flow Networks and Career Forecasting.

The movement of employees within an organization is a research area of great relevance in a variety of fields such as economics, management science, and operations research, among others. In econophysics, however, only a few initial incursions have been made into this problem. In this paper, based on an approach inspired by the concept of labor flow networks which capture the movement of workers among firms of entire national economies, we construct empirically calibrated high-resolution networks of internal labor markets with nodes and links defined on the basis of different descriptions of job positions, such as operating units or occupational codes. The model is constructed and tested for a dataset from a large U.S. government organization. Using two versions of Markov processes, one without and another with limited memory, we show that our network descriptions of internal labor markets have strong predictive power. Among the most relevant findings, we observe that the organizational labor flow networks created by our method based on operational units possess a power law feature consistent with the distribution of firm sizes in an economy. This signals the surprising and important result that this regularity is pervasive across the landscape of economic entities. We expect our work to provide a novel approach to study careers and help connect the different disciplines that currently study them.

Complex Foot Infection Treated With Surgical Debridement and Antibiotic Loaded Calcium Sulfate-A Retrospective Cohort Study of 137 Cases.

Complex foot infections involving bone and soft tissue in patients with co-morbidities such as diabetes and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are a cause of significant hospital admission. They are associated with substantial economic costs to health services worldwide. Historically, severe foot infection has been treated with surgical debridement and prolonged courses of systemic antibiotics. Prolonged systemic antibiotic use increases the risk of drug side effects, antimicrobial resistance and Clostridium difficile infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether surgical debridement and implantation of antibiotic loaded calcium sulfate is effective in the resolution of foot infection and wound healing. A retrospective cohort study of 137 consecutive cases of osteomyelitis (127) or significant soft tissue infection (10) over 62 months from 02/2013 to 04/2018 was conducted following local ethical approval. All cases of infection were treated with surgical debridement and local antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate. The primary outcomes of infection resolution, time to healing and duration of postoperative antibiotics were measured. In 137 cases, 88.3% of infections resolved. Infection was eradicated in 22 patients without postoperative systemic antibiotics. About 82.5% of wounds healed, with an average healing time of 11.3 weeks. Healing time was significantly increased for the co-morbidities of diabetes and PAD (p =< .05) and for those requiring prolonged systemic postoperative antibiotics. Conservative surgical debridement and implantation of local antibiotic impregnated calcium sulfate is safe and effective in managing complex foot infections. We advocate early surgical intervention before deeper tissue involvement to help preserve lower limb structure and function.

Identifying and Analyzing Health-Related Themes in Disinformation Shared by Conservative and Liberal Russian Trolls on Twitter.

To combat health disinformation shared online, there is a need to identify and characterize the prevalence of topics shared by trolls managed by individuals to promote discord. The current literature is limited to a few health topics and dominated by vaccination. The goal of this study is to identify and analyze the breadth of health topics discussed by left (liberal) and right (conservative) Russian trolls on Twitter. We introduce an automated framework based on mixed methods including both computational and qualitative techniques. Results suggest that Russian trolls discussed 48 health-related topics, ranging from diet to abortion. Out of the 48 topics, there was a significant difference (p-value ≤ 0.004) between left and right trolls based on 17 topics. Hillary Clinton's health during the 2016 election was the most popular topic for right trolls, who discussed this topic significantly more than left trolls. Mental health was the most popular topic for left trolls, who discussed this topic significantly more than right trolls. This study shows that health disinformation is a global public health threat on social media for a considerable number of health topics. This study can be beneficial for researchers who are interested in political disinformation and health monitoring, communication, and promotion on social media by showing health information shared by Russian trolls.

Calcium sulphate as a drug delivery system in a deep diabetic foot infection.

Treating diabetic foot infection is costly, time consuming and challenging for the patient and clinician alike. It requires a multidisciplinary approach to provide a favourable outcome but all too often results in amputation. We present a patient with Type 2 diabetes who attended clinic with a limb threatening foot infection complicated by osteomyelitis and requiring emergency surgery and antibiotic administration. Our patient underwent surgery by means of an incision and drainage procedure with local antibiotic administration to augment systemic antibiotics. The wound was packed with calcium sulphate (Stimulan(®) Biocomposites Ltd.) impregnated with gentamicin and vancomycin to enable high antibiotic concentrations at the site of infection. The patient made a full recovery at four months requiring only minimal bone excision to maintain a functional foot. This case demonstrates an alternative route for antibiotic administration to overcome some of the limitations of systemic administration including penetration at the site of infection, systemic toxicity, prolonged hospital admission and cost. This route of administration is being increasingly used as an alternative to systemic antibiotics at our centre.

The 2011 magnitude 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake: mosaicking the megathrust from seconds to centuries.

Geophysical observations from the 2011 moment magnitude (M(w)) 9.0 Tohoku-Oki, Japan earthquake allow exploration of a rare large event along a subduction megathrust. Models for this event indicate that the distribution of coseismic fault slip exceeded 50 meters in places. Sources of high-frequency seismic waves delineate the edges of the deepest portions of coseismic slip and do not simply correlate with the locations of peak slip. Relative to the M(w) 8.8 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake, the Tohoku-Oki earthquake was deficient in high-frequency seismic radiation--a difference that we attribute to its relatively shallow depth. Estimates of total fault slip and surface secular strain accumulation on millennial time scales suggest the need to consider the potential for a future large earthquake just south of this event.